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Antique Lighting GlossaryAcid Cutback Dome
A short movement in the Victorian period often characterized by sun
flowers and jeweled details.
Fourteen to twenty inch inverted domes hung from chains or rods. The
bowl is made from turned alabaster stone.
In the Victorian period certain design details of chandeliers eluded to
mythological or literary events.
Applied crowned flower details The appearance and reappearance of the stylized crown in architectural
details.
Is often found in fixtures of the Arts and Crafts period and would be
textured or crackled glass.
The Victorian arms of chandeliers and sconces often had decorative arm
backs attached to them that can be figural animals and foliate details.
Fixtures of earlier periods were often offered with different
oxidized
finishes like antique brass. Argand is a form of oil burner that existed in lamps and fixtures in the
late 18th and early 19th century.
Is a design style characterized by geometric and stylized foliate
detail. An example would be the streamline that you see on 1930's automobiles.
A furniture and accessory design style categorized by organic
and floral stylized details.
This period in the US was around 1920 and characterized by hammered
metals in lighting and the mission style of lighting fixtures.
Types of buildings similar to the Gaudi style in Barcelona Spain.
Is a type of furniture leg design on certain English Tables that
have a spiral twist.
Is a type of colonial lantern characterized by a bell jar with a
suspended lid.
Edging on glass similar to raise panels in wood.
This would be referring to glass created in a oven by a glass
blower.
Originally, bobeches were used to catch dripping wax from a candlestick, but today they can be used on chandeliers to accent the candelabra pieces. Many bobeches are also designed with pin holes that can be used to suspend other decorative items such as prisms and other various crystals. Bobeches are elegant pieces that will add class to any chandelier.
Scene in the Arts and Crafts movement that looks like pages being
turned.
A geographical location in one of Boston¹s neighborhoods with many
English style townhouses.
Was a company that manufactured fixtures in the late 1800¹s.
Casted detail of stylized leaves recurring on brass fixtures.
Is a catch all word for brick townhouses.
Type of single family dwelling in the early 1900¹s in the US.
Constructed of glass that through acid cutback creates a cameo
design.
Electric socket design with metal and cardboard slips reminiscent of
early waxed candles.
Is the electric box cover on the top of the chandelier.
Is a very thin glass consisting of clear glass and another color
glass.
Slag glass is an art glass found in the late 1800¹s - early 1900¹s
with striated textural markings.
Is an iridescent glass of different colors sold in the 1920¹s and
1930¹s.
Is molten brass poured into a mold to achieve very fine details.
Socket cover that holds the shade.
Is molten bronze poured into a mold to achieve very fine details.
Is molten glass poured into a mold to achieve very fine details.
Molten iron poured into a mold to achieve very fine details.
Two dimensional detail ; example sconce backs.
Decorative detail on a brass cast fixture arm.
Metal leaves with a gold wash.
Type of foliate detail with the use of leaves.
Approximate date.
Type of details that you would see in Egyptian or Greek and Roman
architecture.
Detailing characterized by lamps , swags, and bows in relief.
Referring to the period of time prior to the American Revolution.
The revival of forms characteristic of pre-1776 architecture.
Cut glass formed on a machine with a copper wheel.
Was a company established in Philadelphia in the 1850¹s.
Gas shades that flair out in a cut glass design on the top.
Is glass with detail cut into it on a machine using a copper wheel
cut glass body. Cut glass candle cups, bobeches and prisms Is glass with detail cut into it on a machine using a copper wheel.
David Gueron, of Turkish origin and a former fighter of the French Foreign Legion, was the founder of the " Cristalleries De Compiegne". This glass works mainly produced household glass in the early '20. David Gueron soon discovered that he wanted more with his capacities in the glass industry. In 1926 he founded a new factory, which he called "Verrerie D'Art Degue" and put his full attention on the designing and production of Art Deco luxury art-glass. His factory was located on the "Boulevard Malesherbes" and his showroom was on the "41 rue de Paris". Gueron mainly produced vases, lamps and chandeliers. His glass got well known because of it's full and deep colors, which he achieved with a special process (especially red, orange, yellow and green). Gueron was also guilty of copying designs of other successful French glass artists like Daum, Galle, Muller Freres and Schneider. One can see imitation as the highest form of flattery, but Schneider thought else wise and sued Degue, who not only imitated, but also managed to take on several glass workers of Schneider as well. Schneider eventually won the lawsuit, but the lengthily law process (1926-1932), cost both firms a lot of money and they both almost had to close their factories. When the Second World War started David Gueron shut his glass works. He fled France and was lat seen in Paris in 1949. His factory in Compiegne still stands and is nowadays owned by a company selling tiles and door frames. The old furnace downstairs still has glass melted to its walls.
Dental detailing and fan motif Dental detailing is decorative molding in blocks like stylized teeth.
Fan motif is the graduated fluting e.g. bottom of a bowl.
Furniture and fixture style characterized by flat two dimensional brass
castings. Simpler style in reaction to Victorian ornamentation.
Type of Architectural style with basic wood construction. e.g. shingle
style Victorian
Is three dimensional relief repeated in bands .
Referring to the center part of a chandelier where the arms are
attached and having a decorative relief design .
Multiple arm chandelier characterized by black and brass metal
construction often with cornucopia arms . e.g. as in 6 arm chandelier .
Architectural style characterized by stucco facade with molded wood
banding.
Cut glass in prismatic fashion similar to the way a diamond or other
crystal is cut.
Representing a person or an animal.
The technology of poured molten bronze molded into the form of a person
or animal.
Decorative finish detail on the top of a lamp or the very bottom of a
chandelier.
Form of Art Glass encased with clear glass and another color glass .
French finial style representing a stylized flower .
Closely attached to the ceiling as in 12² drop .
Simple form of circa 1890 Victorian Homes characterized
by cedar shingle siding .
A frieze is a pattern which repeats in one direction. Friezes are often seen as ornaments in architecture.
Gargoyles, cherubs , lions heads in relief Victorian ornamentation often found in chandeliers and furniture from
1890 - 1910 .
Flowered streamers architecturally decorating lighting fixtures, urns
and furniture.
Period following the use of fluids to power chandeliers, gas was
manufactured from coal to power chandeliers. This was an improvement from a
safety point of view because fluids would tend to flow and drip to cause
fire hazards. A typical gas chandelier ( e.g. 3 arm gas chandelier ) would
have 3 arms with bowl shades on the end of the arms housing a gas flame that
would light the room . The wattage output from gas chandeliers was fairly
low.
During the late 1800¹s, around the beginning of the use of electric
incandescent lighting, the Gas and Electric Chandelier is also called
transitional combination and G & E form . This chandelier style was derived
by the use of incandescent lighting added to the earlier gas chandelier
form. Typically for example on a 6 arm gas and electric chandelier you will
see the 3 gas arms facing up and the 3 incandescent lighting arms facing
down . This is commonly called the combination form.
Pair shaped single light gas ceiling fixtures commonly found in the hall
, foyer of a Victorian Home.
Asymmetrical shaped single light gas ceiling fixture commonly found in
halls and small areas.
The use of very thin gold foil applied to surfaces for decorative
purposes.
The result of aging on the metal finish of a decorative chandelier.
The common use of quatrefoils and trefoils and other details found in
medieval times which were revived for chandeliers and furniture in the
Victorian period.
The use of small crystal pieces ranging in size from larger to small
strung on a piece of wire or string.
" Great Room" 400 square feet or larger .
The use of repeated geometric detailing as banding in a cornice or
relief on a chandelier .
Form of architectural style characterized by porch columns , very high
ceilings, and large windows. Commonly seen in the American 1840¹s.
Glass globes with relief detailing of repeated geometric banding .
Textured result of repeated peening with a hammer as in the Arts in
Crafts Style.
The use of textured glass to be similar in representation to hammered
metal.
Heavy Cast Glass Inverted Dome The use of cast glass in a large bowl supported by chains or rods.
The use of prismatic glass in a globe form for the purpose of amplifying
light.
The use of hydrofluoric acid or sand blasting to create a matte finish
on clear glass.
Decorative two piece castings in a gas arm that control the flow of
fuel.
Decorative detail formed by concave contours on metal surfaces
Bowl shaped chandelier supported by chains or rods.
Came glasswork is the process of joining cut pieces of art glass through the use of came strips or foil into picturesque designs in a framework of soldered metal. Came is made of different metals, such as lead, zinc, brass and copper.
The use of foil and soldier in creating a mosaic of translucent glass.
The manufacturing of the Longwy pottery started in 1798 with the take over of an old Carmelite monastery, where, during the Empire of the little emperor, a service for : "Les Maisons de la Légion d'Honneur" got ordered and delivered. After the siege of 1815, J. A. Nothomb, together with his partner Christine Boch, perfectionized the clay-past. Their grandchildren, Hyppolite and Henri-Ferdinand d'Huart reacted brilliant on the overwhelming attention for the ceramics from the Middle East. They added the Cloisonné technique to their objects d'art and that was a shot in the rose.
Architectural lamps designed to sit on a mantle while illuminating a
room .
The use of the mineral mica bonded with shellac to create translucent
sheets .
Type of Arts and Crafts fixture composed of metal and translucent mica
sheets.
Type of translucent white glass used for chandelier shades.
Glass heated to a high temperature and then formed in different ways.
A mullti point 3-dimensional lighting fixture representing a star.
Furniture style characterized by details found in early Greek and Roman
civilization.
Architectural lamp often of the Gas fixture period that sits on a Newel
Post at the bottom of a set of stairs.
The use of nickel electro plated on another metal often for moisture
resistance.
Common in the Gas and Electric period the center body details are
pierced in a foliate design .
The use of hand painting in decorating Victorian Chandelier globes.
Coloration of metal finish due to aging.
Pearlite iridescent Inverted Dome Bowl chandelier composed of translucent glass showing a somewhat rainbow
effect.
Type of decoration created by cutting into metal surfaces.
Typical multicolored painted finishing done in the Art Deco period.
Technology used to embossed glass by pressing the glass while heated
against different patterns.
Four petal design representing a gothic stylized cross.
Renaissance Revival Chandelier Type of Victorian chandelier constructed with the use of Renaissance
details like cartouches, and other massive details.
Net like pattern usually that you can see through.
Type of Victorian Chandelier constructed with the use of Rococo period
details such as foliate swirls and gold leaf.
Cut to clear glass which is ruby on the outside and clear glass on the
inside forming a design .
One of the many milk glass design globes found on fixtures in
commercial and other non- residential settings around the
turn-of-the-century.
Type of architectural detail that spirals from a center point that it
continues to encircle.
Type of architectural detail representing the movement of a snake.
Type of lighting fixture constructed with the representation of
undulating movement.
Sheffield style Colonial Revival Type of embossed metal style often seen in silver plated wear of the
19th century. As or representing a sea shell.
Similar to the slip shade in Art Deco chandelier with the use of a flat
panel. A type of hanging Bell shape shade for the use of dispersing smoke
caused by a flame and usually found on hall lanterns and gasoliers.
Metal relief achieved by squeezing brass on metal between two forms. Similar to transferred etched except the stencil design is created by
applied painting.
Technology used in calcite shades where the color of one glass is shown
through the different color of the second piece of glass when they are cased
together and then acid etched.
Type of oil shade found on 19th century fixtures and lamps similar in
shape to the tam-o¹-shanter hat.
Thistle transfer etched Gas shades Type of acid etched design representing flowering thistle plants.
Technology used with glass and hydrofluoric acid to etch shades and
create an often floral design.
Referring to the time period going from the 19th century to the 20th
century.
Type of glass gas chandelier shades with 2 5/8² diameter base often acid
etched, frosted and wheel cut , found on American Gas Chandeliers in the
1850¹s and 1860¹s. Type of glass chandelier crafted by the glass artisans associated with
the glass companies of Venice, Italy.
Single light ceiling fixture e.g. Gas Harp, Gas J , Gas Lantern
Roughly the period of the rein of Queen Victoria which started in the
early 19th century and ended in the 20th century.
Type of gas burner developed by the Welsbach fixture Company in the late
19th Century. Type of Art glass characterized by textured striations often used in
leaded glass construction.
Iron construction that is created by the use of heating iron and
pounding it into a shape with a hammer.
Type of holophane shade with a prismatic pattern of parallel lines
similar to a fabric zipper.
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